Arduino 
According to docs.arduino.cc, Arduino is a platform that enables you to design and create your own devices that can interact with various things. You can write code and upload it to a microcontroller on your device using Arduino software and its programming language. Arduino is ideal for individuals who enjoy creating and learning. It offers a wide range of devices for different purposes. Arduino lets you make your gadgets that can interact with things. You can write code and send it to a small computer on your gadget. You can use Arduino software and language for this. Arduino is for people who like to make and learn things. Arduino has many types of gadgets for different uses. To get started with Arduino start with some Arduino tutorials.
Art
According to merriam-webster.com, art is a form of expression that demands a high level of proficiency and craftsmanship. Thoughtco.com says the definition of art has changed over time and culture, from being a skillful practice to expressing originality and creativity. In Western culture, art was once seen as a craft that required knowledge and practice, especially during the Dutch Golden Age. Later, art became more about beauty, emotion, and spirituality, as seen in the Romantic period. Finally, art became more experimental and innovative, as exemplified by the Avant-garde and modern art movements.
Binary
We usually count in a base-ten number system, which means we use ten digits (0 to 9) to represent any number. Binary is a base-two number system that is made up of only two digits: 1 and 0. Computers use this as their core language to communicate. A 1 to a computer means power on, while a 0 means power off. The more variety and combinations that these digits have, the more instructions they can give to the computer. Learn more about binary at https://pi-this.github.io/ComputerScience/binary.
Blender 
Blender is a 3D software that you can use for free and modify with Python scripting. It covers all aspects of 3D creation and works well for both individuals and small studios who want to enjoy its integrated workflow and active development. Blender can run on different platforms, such as Linux, Windows, and Macintosh. Blender is a GPL-licensed project that is driven by the community, which means anyone can contribute to its code and features. Blender is your 3D software that you can support, join, and help to improve. For more about Blender on pi-this locate https://pi-this.github.io/ComputerScience/digitalArt/blender. Learn more about Blender from the company itself at blender.org.
Block Coding
Block coding is a simplified form of programming that is designed to be easy to learn. All the commands are presented as blocks that can be dragged on top of each other, which makes it ideal for beginners. Block programming is not a professional language, but rather a tool used to teach programming concepts and information. Some popular examples of block programming tools include Scratch, Blockly, Snap, and Code.org.
Program using Snap below or code on their website at snap.berkeley.edu.
Bug
According to geeksforgeeks.org, software bugs are flaws or defects that make software or systems malfunction and behave differently from their intended behavior. They can be caused by various factors, but two common ones are poor communication and changing requirements. Poor communication can lead to misunderstandings and confusion about what the software should do and how it should do it. Changing requirements can create chaos and pressure for software developers and testers, as they have to modify or add features that can affect other parts of the software. These factors can result in discrepancies, inconsistencies, and software failures.
Calculus
According to thoughtco.com, calculus is a type of math that deals with how things change over time. It was invented by two mathematicians, Leibniz and Newton, who used it to study physics and other natural phenomena. Calculus uses functions and integrals to calculate the rate of change of different quantities. Calculus has many applications in various fields, such as engineering, economics, medicine, and space travel. Calculus helps us understand how the world works by measuring the motion and change of everything in the universe.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
According to geeksforgeeks.org, a CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the brain of a computer that performs data input/output, processing, and storage functions. It is made of silicon and can be installed into a socket on the motherboard. The history of the CPU dates back to 1823, when silicon was discovered, and includes many milestones such as the invention of the transistor, the integrated circuit, the microprocessor, and the dual-core processor. Some of the major companies that have developed CPUs are Intel, Motorola, Sun, and AMD. CPUs have evolved to become faster, smaller, and more powerful.
For more information about what a CPU is, this video explains it well:
Cosmology
According to merriam-webster.com, cosmology is a type of astronomy that studies how the universe began, what it is made of, and how it changes over time.
Command Line Interface (CLI)
According to w3schools.com, CLI stands for Command Line Interface, which is a way of interacting with computers by typing text commands. CLI was the only way to use computers in the 1960s and was widely used by Unix and DOS systems in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, most users prefer graphical user interfaces (GUI), but CLI is still useful for software developers and system administrators. CLI commands can perform various tasks, such as copying, moving, deleting, or creating files and folders, or installing software. CLI commands vary depending on the operating system and can be learned by using the help command. For more information about the CLI check out https://pi-this.github.io/ComputerScience/CLI/.
Data
According to geeksforgeeks.com, computer data refers to information that can be measured, collected, analyzed, and visualized, and it can originate from various sources and in different forms. The significance of computer data lies in its ability to facilitate better decision-making, problem-solving, process improvement, and understanding of customers and markets. Categorical data, which has predefined categories, and numerical data, which comprises discrete or continuous numerical values, are the two primary classifications of computer data. Furthermore, computer data can be classified into four scales, namely nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, based on the level of measurement and the presence of a true zero point.
Electromagnetism
Merriam-webster says that electromagnetism is the field of physics that is concerned with investigating the interplay between electric and magnetic forces, exploring their properties and behavior. It is a fundamental area of study within the discipline, with numerous practical applications in science and technology.
Euler's number (e)
According to mathsisfun.com, the number e is an irrational number that is the base of natural logarithms and appears in many areas of mathematics. It is often called Euler’s number and its first few digits are 2.718281828459045. There are many ways to calculate e, but none of them give an exact answer because e has infinite non-repeating digits. One way is to use the formula (1 + 1/n)n as n gets very large, and another way is to use the sum of the reciprocals of factorials. To remember e, you can use a mnemonic sentence or notice the pattern of 1828 twice and the angles of a right triangle.
FIRST®
FIRST is an acronym for ‘For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology’. It is a non-profit organization focused on inspiring young people to become leaders and innovators in the science and technology field. FIRST does this by engaging them in mentor-based programs that involve research and robotics. The founder of FIRST, Dean Kamen, is a passionate inventor and entrepreneur who believes in the transformative power of science and technology. FIRST programs provide hands-on learning opportunities, teamwork, problem-solving exercises, and adult mentors to help students develop STEM skills and confidence. In addition, FIRST emphasizes its core values of discovery, innovation, impact, inclusion, teamwork, and fun. Participants in FIRST programs showcase their creations and learnings at celebratory events where they can connect with other like-minded individuals. Learn more about FIRST at firstinspires.org, or navigate to https://pi-this.github.io/ComputerScience/FIRST/.
Fractals
Patterns that repeat themselves in intricate and stunning shapes are called fractals. You can find them in natural phenomena like snowflakes, coastlines, and plants. Fractals have many uses, from modeling fluid turbulence and galaxy formation to diagnosing diseases. Unlike regular geometry, fractals have fractional dimensions and infinite details. These self-similar structures come about by applying simple rules or equations repeatedly. Refer to merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fractal for more information.
Github 
GitHub is a platform that allows you to host, collaborate, and manage your code projects using the version control software Git. You can create repositories to store your project files, branches to work on different versions of your project, and commits to track the changes you make. You can also use pull requests to propose and discuss changes with other contributors and merge them into the main branch when they are ready. GitHub provides many features and tools to help you with your development process, such as code review, issue tracking, documentation, and more. To get started with GitHub, you can sign up for an account at github.com/signup. Using a GitHub username, users can create their websites hosted by GitHub. For example, pi-this is a GitHub account, and pi-this.github.io is a website powered by GitHub.
Gradle
According to geeksforgeeks.org, Gradle is an open-source tool for software development that supports various languages and industry standards. It was created in 2007 by a group of developers who wanted to improve on Apache Ant and Apache Maven. Gradle uses projects and tasks to control the development process, from compilation and testing to deployment and publishing. Gradle is more stable and flexible than its predecessors, and according to gradle.orgit has the latest version of 8.4 as of 2023. Gradle is based on Groovy, a dynamic language that runs on the Java platform.
Geometry
Geometry, according to the Merriam Merriam-webster dictionary, is the study of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids, and the measurement, relationships, and properties of these geometric objects. It is a branch of mathematics that explores the creation of different shapes and patterns using the aforementioned objects.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Information from developer.mozilla.org says HTTP is a protocol used for exchanging web pages and data between web browsers and web servers. When a client (browser) sends a request to a server, it waits for a response that may contain the requested web page, a redirection to another page, or an error message. HTTP is stateless, which means it does not retain any information between requests. Most of the time we don't even see HTTP on a web link, instead we see HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), which is a more secure extension of HTTP.
Input and Output
According to geeksforgeeks.org, an input/output device, or I/O device, is hardware that connects a computer with a human operator or other systems. It can send data to the computer (input), receive data from the computer (output), or both. Input devices are used to enter data into the computer, such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones. Output devices are used to display or store data from the computer, such as monitors, printers, speakers, and hard disks. Some devices, such as touchscreens, game controllers, and webcams, can function as both input and output devices.
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that provides various features and tools for software development. IDEs can improve the productivity, efficiency, and collaboration of programmers by automating tasks, reducing errors, and enhancing code quality. Some of the common features of IDEs are syntax highlighting, code completion, refactoring tools, and debuggers. IDEs are essential tools for modern software development because they can help programmers write more code, solve problems, and work together effectively. This information was found at geeksforgeeks.org.
Mechanics
Defined by the Merriam-webster dictionary, mechanics is used to create, build, or work with machines or tools.
Machine Learning
developers.google.com explains that Machine learning (ML) is a technology that allows software to learn from data and use that knowledge to make predictions and generate content. ML models are trained with large amounts of data to find patterns or relationships that can be used for various tasks. For instance, an ML model can predict rainfall by learning from weather data, instead of using complex physics equations. ML powers many of the applications we use daily, such as translation, navigation, music, and writing.
Pi
According to mathsisfun.com, pi is a mathematical constant that represents the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. It is an irrational number that has no exact decimal representation and no pattern in its digits. Pi is defined as the circumference divided by the diameter of any circle, and it is always the same value, approximately 3.14159. Pi can be used to find the circumference or diameter of a circle when one of them is known, using the formulas C = πD and D = C/π. Pi can also be approximated by fractions such as 22/7 or 355/113, which are close but not equal to pi. Pi has many digits that go on forever without repeating, and some people use mnemonics or special methods to remember them. Pi Day is a celebration of pi that occurs on March 14, which looks like 3/14, the first three digits of pi.
Pi-lish
Some people are so fond of pi that they created a language based on it. It’s called “Pi-lish” and it uses the digits of pi to determine the length of each word. For example, the first word has three letters, the next one has one letter, the next one has four letters, and so on. This language has quite a few fans. One of them is Michael Keith, a software engineer who wrote a whole book in Pi-lish. This pi fact was found at piday.org/pi-facts.
Pixel
According to geeksforgeeks.org, a pixel is the smallest part of a photo on a device. These pixels make up the resolution of an image. The more pixels that are on a screen, the larger and better graphics the screen has. The pixel is the smallest possible electronic device on the screen that displays output, they are generally square.
Project-based Learning
PBL stands for Project Based Learning which is a way of teaching where students are engaged in real-world situations and hands-on experience pblworks.org well explains PBL, what it is, and why it is important. There have also been studies on students who do and do not use Project Based Learning. Find out more information about the PBL at usnews.com.
Raspberry Pi
Pie! Yum - wait, no. Not that kind of pie. Notice the spelling, I did that on purpose. The food pie is spelled with an 'E', however, this word is spelled without an 'E'. So, does this have to do with the number pi as in 3.14...? Not really. The founder of the Raspberry Pi did not specifically say that the word "Pi" relates to the number. It was said that the word is related to the programming language Python. (Learn more about Python at https://pi-this.github.io/ComputerScience/programming/Python.) "The raspberry" mentioned earlier was not an actual fruit but rather a reference to Raspberry Pi - a small computer that can fit in your pocket and budget. This personal mini-computer was created to help young minds learn how to make and program computers. The name Raspberry Pi was inspired by the trend of electronic companies using food names as their brand names, similar to Apple, Acorn, Apricot, Orange Micro Inc., and Tangerine. If you're interested in learning more about the Raspberry Pi, you can find more information at their official website. (raspberrypi.org) To read more about why the Raspberry Pi is called what it is go to howtogeek.com. You can also go to https://pi-this.github.io/ComputerScience/raspberrypi for more information about the Raspberry Pi.
Tau
This is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
The Golden Ratio
This term is also known as the Golden Section. It is equal to 1.618. Learn about the Golden Ratio here at canva.com or khanacademy.org.
The Square Root of Two
The square root of two is the same as 1.41421356. To find out how to calculate a square root by hand, learn from wikihow.com.
Thonny
Python is a programming language that is recommended for most beginners. It is a simple and flexible programming language used to make complex, or simple programs. The Python language can be written on any text document, however like any programming language it is more helpful to use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Thonny is an IDE specifically used for Python programming. Navigate to Thonny's website, thonny.org to learn about what Thonny has to offer when working with Python.
Thonny is the recommended IDE for beginners. Click one of the links below to learn how to install Thonny on your computer:
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A URL is a special, unique address that identifies a resource on the internet. The website geeksforgeeks.org well explains what a URL is.
